Laminate flooring was invented in 1977 by a Swedish company named Perstop. Since then, it has undergone various improvements and developments and today, it is arguably the fastest growing floor material. This is because it is easy to install and maintain, comes in finishes emulating all kinds of hardwoods and stones, and, perhaps best of all, is quite affordable.
Most laminate flooring materials comprise four layers, although some manufacturers include one or two additional strata for extra strength or protection. These layers are compressed together using either Direct Pressure or High Pressure, with the latter resulting to a more durable and hard-wearing material. Generally, those subjected to high pressure, known as HDL or High Pressure Laminates, consist of more layers. Those given Direct Pressure, on the other hand, are called DPLs, or Direct Pressure Laminates.
All types of laminate flooring materials, however, begin with a base or bottom layer. Regardless of brand, the base is primarily made of paper that is saturated with melamine resin, although they may vary in thickness. Melamine is a synthetic polymer that resists fire and heat. Being a thermoset plastic, it is also very durable making it suitable for various applications.
Resting on the base layer is the core or substrate layer. This is the thickest layer of laminate floors and it consists either of high- or medium-density fiberboard (HDF or MDF) or particleboard. The final strength of the floor depends on which of these materials is used, which means that HDF based laminates are most durable. However, it is also most expensive of the three.
The pattern layer entirely covers and fuses with the core or substrate. This is the layer that is seen on the surface of the laminate. It is actually a special type of paper with a high-resolution photograph of either wood or stones, realistically reproducing their grains and burls.
Like the base layer, the top layer is also made of melamine resin but without the paper. This makes it a clear coat through which you can clearly see the pattern layer. Often, it is textured to emulate the material pictured in the pattern layer. If the pattern layer displays wood, the top layer is given the texture of wood.
Higher end brands may include extra moisture protection and even sound inhibitors that muffle the sound of footsteps on the floor, but these come at a premium.